Abstract To evaluate the liver stiffness measurement (LSM) of normal people before and after diet using real-time shear wave elastography (SWE), and to explore the effect of diet on liver elasticity. Fifty-four healthy volunteers were selected and 480 mL of a standard diet containing 391 kcal were administrated. The LSM before diet and at 30 minutes after diet was significantly higher than baseline LSM. The LSM at 60 minutes after diet was significantly higher than that before diet. The LSM at 120 minutes after diet was significantly less than that before diet. 75% of the volunteers reached the peak of liver stiffness at 30 minutes or 60 minutes after diet. The LSM increased by more than 20% in 31% subjects, increased by less than 20% in 48%, and remained or decreased in 21%. The blood flow volume of portal vein was 692.02 ± 130.69 mL/min before diet, and it reached the maximum value of 776.41 ± 151.45 mL/min at 30 min after diet. Diet could affect the Young’s modulus measurement of liver. In order to avoid the effect, it is suggested to use real-time shear wave elastic imaging to measure the Young's modulus of liver on an empty stomach.

Óxido de boro adsorvido sobre alumina (B2O3/Al2O3 ) foi usado como um novo e eficiente catalisador na síntese de β-aminocetonas e ésteres pela enaminação de diferentes aminas primárias e secundárias com compostos carbonílicos sob condições livre de solvente. A importância dessa metodologia congrega grande variedade de substratos, alta eficiência, ausência de catalisador metálico, alta régio- e quimioseletividade em condições amigáveis ao ambiente. Ainda, o catalisador pode ser recuperado facilmente depois das reações e reusado sem perda de atividade.

Boron oxide adsorbed on alumina (B2O3/Al2O3 ) has been found to be a new and highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of β-enamino ketones and esters by the enamination of various primary and secondary amines with β-dicarbonyl compounds under solvent-free conditions. The important features of this methodology are broad substrate scope, high yield, no requirement of metal catalysts, high regio- and chemoselectivity and environmental friendliness. In addition, the catalyst could be recovered easily after the reactions and reused without evident loss of reactivity.

Rongalite® promove a clivagem de diarildissulfetos gerando os calcogenolatos correspondentes, que reagem facilmente com N-acilbenzotriazóis na presença de K2CO3, produzindo tioésteres em bons a excelentes rendimentos. As principais características desta metodologia são a não necessidade de catalisdores metálicos ou de reagentes caros e o alto rendimento. É digno de nota que as reações de disseleneto de difenila com N-acilbenzotriazóis são também conduzidas para produzir selenoésteres em bons rendimentos sob condições normais.

Rongalite® promotes cleavage of diaryldisulfides generating the corresponding chalcogenolate anions that then undergo facile reaction with N-acylbenzotriazoles in the presence of K2CO3 to afford thioesters in good to excellent yields. The important features of this methodology are no requirement of metal catalysts, without any expensive reagent and high yields. It is noteworthy that the reactions of diphenyl diselenide with N-acylbenzotriazoles are also conducted to afford selenoesters in good yields under the standard conditions.

Uma série de benzotiazóis 2-substituídos foi sintetizada pela condensação de 2-aminotiofenol com aldeídos (RCHO: R = Alquil, Aril, Heteroaril, 2-Arilformil) na presença de quantidade catalítica de brometo de cetiltrimetil amônio (CTAB) em água e sem adição de solventes orgânicos e oxidantes. Assim, usando esse protocolo, 2-alquilbenzotiazóis foram sintetizados em altos rendimentos e 2-arilformilbenzotiazóis foram obtidos pela condensação de 2-aminotiofenol com arilformil aldeídos pela primeira vez.

A series of 2-substituted benzothiazoles have been synthesized by the condensation of 2-aminothiophenol with aldehydes (RCHO: R = Alkyl, Aryl, Heteroaryl, 2-Arylformyl) in the presence of a catalytic amount of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) "on water" by a one-pot procedure without additional organic solvents and oxidants. Thereinto, 2-alkylbenzothiazoles were synthesized in high yields and 2-arylformylbenzothiazoles were obtained from the condensation of 2-aminothiophenol with arylformyl aldehydes for the first time using the present protocol.

Um método altamente eficiente e simples foi descrito para a síntese de derivados de quinoxalina em bons a excelentes rendimentos (80-99%) por reação de condensação de 1,2-dicetonas heterocíclicas ou alifáticas (R¹COCOR¹, R¹ = Et, Ph, p-MeC6H5, p-MeOC6H5, Furil) com 1,2-diaminas (1,2-(NH2)2C6H3R², R² = H, Br, NO2, PhCO). Um estudo sistemático foi realizado para examinar a influência do meio reacional e dos fatores eletrônicos dos substratos nos resultados das reações.

A highly efficient and facile method has been described for the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives in good to excellent yields (80-99%) by condensation reaction of heterocyclic as well as aliphatic 1,2-diketones (R¹COCOR¹, R¹ = Et, Ph, p-MeC6H5, p-MeOC6H5, Furyl) with 1,2-diamines (1,2-(NH2)2C6H3R², R² = H, Br, NO2, PhCO). A systematic study was carried out to examine the influence of reaction media and electronic factors of the substrates on the reaction results.

Pirazóis foram preparados em excelentes rendimentos via reação de condensação entre várias 1,3-dicetonas (R¹COCHXCOCH3, R¹ = Me, Ph; X = H, Me, Cl) e hidrazinas, acilhidrazinas ou sulfonil hidrazinas, na presença de quantidades catalíticas de Sc(OTf)3, a temperatura ambiente, na ausência de solventes. Adicionalmente, o catalisador foi facilmente recuperado após as reações e reutilizado sem perda evidente na atividade.

Pyrazoles were prepared in excellent yields via solventless condensation of various 1,3-diketones (R¹COCHXCOCH3, R¹ = Me, Ph; X = H, Me, Cl) and hydrazines, acylhydrazines or sulfonyl hydrazines in the presence of a catalytic amount of Sc(OTf)3 at room temperature. Additionally, the catalyst could be recovered easily after the reactions and reused without evident loss in activity.

Um método altamente eficiente e simples foi descrito para a síntese de imidazo[1,2-a]piridinas pela condensação de α-halocetonas (ArCOCHXR², Ar = C6H5, 4-MeOC6H4, 4-ClC6H4, 2,4-Cl2C6H3; X = Br, Cl; R² = H, CH3) com 2-aminopiridinas, apresentando rendimentos entre bons a excelentes sem a necessidade de adição de catalisador e solvente.

A highly efficient and facile method has been described for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines in good to excellent yields by condensation of the α-haloketones (ArCOCHXR², Ar = C6H5, 4-MeOC6H4, 4-ClC6H4, 2,4-Cl2C6H3; X = Br, Cl; R² = H, CH3) with 2-aminopyridines without the use of any additional catalyst and solvent.

Vários pirróis N-substituídos foram sintetizados pela reação de γ-dicetonas (R¹C(O)CH2CH2C(O)R²: R¹, R² = Me, Ph) com aminas (RNH2: R = Alkyl, Aryl, TsNH) ou diaminas (1,6-diaminohexano and 1,2-diaminoetano) na presença de tribrometo de índio, tricloreto de índio ou trifluorometanossulfonato de índio a temperatura ambiente e sem solventes. O protocolo envolve operações simples e os produtos são isolados em excelentes rendimentos (81-98%).

A variety of N-substituted pyrroles have been synthesized by reacting γ-diketones (R¹C(O)CH2CH2C(O)R²: R¹, R² = Me, Ph) with amines (RNH2: R=Alkyl, Aryl, TsNH) or diamines (1,6-diaminohexane and 1,2-diaminoethane) in the presence of indium tribromide, indium trichloride or indium trifluoromethanesulfonate at room temperature under solvent-free conditions. The experiment protocol features simple operations, and the products are isolated in high to excellent yields (81-98%).